Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kirot'ak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kira-(w-) + *-t'ak. Cognate with Proto-Samic *kërōtēk.
Verb
*kirot'ak (stem *kiroda-)
Inflection
Inflection of *kirot'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kirodan | *kirocin | — | *kirotkon |
| 2nd sing. | *kirodat | *kirocit | *kirodak | *kirotkos |
| 3rd sing. | *kirodapi *kirot |
*kiroci | *kirotkasën | *kirotkosën |
| 1st plur. | *kirodakmëk *kirodakmak |
*kirocimëk *kirocimak |
*kirotkatëmëk *kirotkatamak |
*kirotkotëmëk *kirotkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kirodaktëk *kirodaktak |
*kirocidëk *kirocidak |
*kirotkatë *kirotkata |
*kirotkot'ëk *kirotkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kirodabat *kirot |
*kiroci | *kirotkasën | *kirotkosën |
| passive | *kirodaksën *kirodat'aksën |
*kirottisën *kirodattihën |
*kirottakahën *kirodattagasën |
*kirottakohën *kirodattagosën |
| connegative | *kirodak | — | *kirotkak | *kirotkok |
| passive connegative | *kirodaktak | — | *kirottagak *kirodattagak |
*kirottagok *kirodattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kirodakcin | *kirocicin | *kironnën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kirodakcit | *kirocicit | *kironnët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kirodakci | *kirocici | *kironni | |
| 1st plur. | *kirodakcimëk *kirodakcimak |
*kirocicimëk *kirocicimak |
*kironnëmëk *kironnëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kirodakcidëk *kirodakcidak |
*kirocicidëk *kirocicidak |
*kironnëdëk *kironnëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kirodakci | *kirocici | *kironni | |
| passive | *kirot'akcihën *kirodat'akcisën |
*kirotticihën *kirodatticisën |
*kirottanëhën *kirodattanësën | |
| connegative | *kirodakcik | *kirocicik | *kironnëk | |
| passive connegative | *kirot'akcik *kirodat'akcik |
*kirotticik *kirodatticik |
*kirottanëk *kirodattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kirot'ak | present | *kirodapa | *kirottapa *kirodattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *kirottë- | past | *kironnut | *kirottu *kirodattu |
| gerund/supine | *kirodama | |||
| action noun | *kirodaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kiruma/kiruda
- Finnish: kirota
- Ingrian: kerota
- Karelian: kirota
- Livvi: kirota
- Ludian: kirota
- Veps: kirota
- Votic: tširotõ, tširoa (Mati, Pummala)
Further reading
- “kiruma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012