Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuludak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *kule-w-, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kule-. Cognates include Northern Khanty [script needed] (χŏᴧa-) and Northern Mansi [Term?] and Proto-Samic [Term?] (whence Northern Sami gollat).
Verb
*kuludak (stem *kulu-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *kuludak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kulun | *kuluin | — | *kulugon |
| 2nd sing. | *kulut | *kuluit | *kuluk | *kulugos |
| 3rd sing. | *kulubi *kulu |
*kului | *kulugasën | *kulugosën |
| 1st plur. | *kulukmëk *kulukmak |
*kuluimëk *kuluimak |
*kulugatëmëk *kulugatamak |
*kulugotëmëk *kulugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kuluktëk *kuluktak |
*kuluidëk *kuluidak |
*kulugatë *kulugata |
*kulugot'ëk *kulugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kulubat *kulu |
*kului | *kulugasën | *kulugosën |
| passive | *kuluksën *kulut'aksën |
*kuludisën *kuluttisën |
*kuludakahën *kuluttakahën |
*kuludakohën *kuluttakohën |
| connegative | *kuluk | — | *kulugak | *kulugok |
| passive connegative | *kuluktak | — | *kuludagak *kuluttagak |
*kuludagok *kuluttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kulukcin | *kuluicin | *kulunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kulukcit | *kuluicit | *kulunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kulukci | *kuluici | *kuluni | |
| 1st plur. | *kulukcimëk *kulukcimak |
*kuluicimëk *kuluicimak |
*kulunëmëk *kulunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kulukcidëk *kulukcidak |
*kuluicidëk *kuluicidak |
*kulunëdëk *kulunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kulukci | *kuluici | *kuluni | |
| passive | *kuludakcihën *kulut'akcihën |
*kuludicihën *kulutticihën |
*kuludanëhën *kuluttanëhën | |
| connegative | *kulukcik | *kuluicik | *kulunëk | |
| passive connegative | *kuludakcik *kulut'akcik |
*kuludicik *kulutticik |
*kuludanëk *kuluttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kuludak | present | *kuluba | *kuludapa *kuluttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kuludë- | past | *kulunut | *kuludu *kuluttu |
| gerund/supine | *kuluma | |||
| action noun | *kuluminen | |||
Derived terms
- *kulu
- *kuluttadak
Descendants
- Estonian: kuluma/kuluda
- Finnish: kulua
- Ingrian: kullua
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: kuluo
- South Karelian: kuluo
- Livonian: ku’llõ
- Livvi: kuluo
- Ludian: kuluda
- Veps: kuluda
- Võro: kuluma/kulluq
- Votic: kullua
Further reading
- “kuluma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Entry #389 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.