Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pakkainën

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From *pakka- +‎ *-inën. Further etymology uncertain. Possibly related to Proto-Samic *pākkës (? < *päkkä); alternatively, could be from the same root as *pak'ahtadak (“to burst”).

Noun

*pakkainën[1]

  1. frost (freezing weather)

Inflection

Inflection of *pakkainën
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *pakkainën *pakkaicët
accusative *pakkaicën *pakkaicët
genitive *pakkaicën *pak'aictën
*pakkaicidën
partitive *pak'aicta *pakkaicita
inessive *pakkaicëssa
*pakkaicëhna 		*pakkaicissa
*pakkaicihna
elative *pakkaicësta *pakkaicista
illative *pakkaicësën *pakkaicisën
adessive *pakkaicëlla *pakkaicilla
ablative *pakkaicëlta *pakkaicilta
allative *pakkaicëlën
*pakkaicëlëk 		*pakkaicilën
*pakkaicilëk
essive *pak'ainna *pakkaicina
translative *pakkaicëksi *pakkaiciksi
instructive *pakkaicën *pakkaicin
comitative *pak'ainnëk *pakkaicinëk
abessive *pakkaicëtta *pakkaicitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: pakane
  • Finnish: pakkanen
  • Ingrian: pakkain
  • Karelian:
  • Livvi: pakkaine
  • Ludian: pakaine
  • Veps: pakaine
  • Votic: pakkain, pakkan

References

  1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*pakka-inën”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “pakane”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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