Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/punodak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *puna- (“to spin, twist”). Related to Proto-Samic *ponētēk or *pońëtēk.
Verb
*punodak (stem *puno-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *punodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *punon | *punoin | — | *punogon |
| 2nd sing. | *punot | *punoit | *punok | *punogos |
| 3rd sing. | *punobi *puno |
*punoi | *punogasën | *punogosën |
| 1st plur. | *punokmëk *punokmak |
*punoimëk *punoimak |
*punogatëmëk *punogatamak |
*punogotëmëk *punogotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *punoktëk *punoktak |
*punoidëk *punoidak |
*punogatë *punogata |
*punogot'ëk *punogotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *punobat *puno |
*punoi | *punogasën | *punogosën |
| passive | *punoksën *punot'aksën |
*punodisën *punottisën |
*punodakahën *punottakahën |
*punodakohën *punottakohën |
| connegative | *punok | — | *punogak | *punogok |
| passive connegative | *punoktak | — | *punodagak *punottagak |
*punodagok *punottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *punokcin | *punoicin | *punonën | |
| 2nd sing. | *punokcit | *punoicit | *punonët | |
| 3rd sing. | *punokci | *punoici | *punoni | |
| 1st plur. | *punokcimëk *punokcimak |
*punoicimëk *punoicimak |
*punonëmëk *punonëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *punokcidëk *punokcidak |
*punoicidëk *punoicidak |
*punonëdëk *punonëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *punokci | *punoici | *punoni | |
| passive | *punodakcihën *punot'akcihën |
*punodicihën *punotticihën |
*punodanëhën *punottanëhën | |
| connegative | *punokcik | *punoicik | *punonëk | |
| passive connegative | *punodakcik *punot'akcik |
*punodicik *punotticik |
*punodanëk *punottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *punodak | present | *punoba | *punodapa *punottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *punodë- | past | *punonut | *punodu *punottu |
| gerund/supine | *punoma | |||
| action noun | *punominen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: punuma/punuda
- Finnish: punoa
- Ingrian: punnoa
- Karelian: punuo
- Ludian: punoda
- Veps: punoda
- Votic: punnoa