punoa

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *punodak, from Proto-Uralic *puna- (“to spin, twist”). Cognates include Estonian punuma, Northern Sami botnit, Erzya понамс (ponams) and Hungarian fon.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpunoɑˣ/, [ˈpuno̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -unoɑ
  • Syllabification(key): pu‧no‧a
  • Hyphenation(key): pu‧noa

Verb

punoa

  1. to intertwine, twine, twist (together) (join together by twining or twisting; join by winding around one another)
  2. to weave (form something by passing and twisting strands of material over and under one another; most often used of materials like rope, wicker, bast, reeds, straw, willow or roots, as opposed to weaving yarn for making fabrics or garments)
    Near-synonym: kutoa
  3. to twist (turn the ends in opposite directions)
    Synonym: kiertää
  4. (figuratively) to weave, twine, intertwine; devise, create, link

Conjugation

Inflection of punoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. punon en puno 1st sing. olen punonut en ole punonut
2nd sing. punot et puno 2nd sing. olet punonut et ole punonut
3rd sing. punoo ei puno 3rd sing. on punonut ei ole punonut
1st plur. punomme emme puno 1st plur. olemme punoneet emme ole punoneet
2nd plur. punotte ette puno 2nd plur. olette punoneet ette ole punoneet
3rd plur. punovat eivät puno 3rd plur. ovat punoneet eivät ole punoneet
passive punotaan ei punota passive on punottu ei ole punottu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. punoin en punonut 1st sing. olin punonut en ollut punonut
2nd sing. punoit et punonut 2nd sing. olit punonut et ollut punonut
3rd sing. punoi ei punonut 3rd sing. oli punonut ei ollut punonut
1st plur. punoimme emme punoneet 1st plur. olimme punoneet emme olleet punoneet
2nd plur. punoitte ette punoneet 2nd plur. olitte punoneet ette olleet punoneet
3rd plur. punoivat eivät punoneet 3rd plur. olivat punoneet eivät olleet punoneet
passive punottiin ei punottu passive oli punottu ei ollut punottu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. punoisin en punoisi 1st sing. olisin punonut en olisi punonut
2nd sing. punoisit et punoisi 2nd sing. olisit punonut et olisi punonut
3rd sing. punoisi ei punoisi 3rd sing. olisi punonut ei olisi punonut
1st plur. punoisimme emme punoisi 1st plur. olisimme punoneet emme olisi punoneet
2nd plur. punoisitte ette punoisi 2nd plur. olisitte punoneet ette olisi punoneet
3rd plur. punoisivat eivät punoisi 3rd plur. olisivat punoneet eivät olisi punoneet
passive punottaisiin ei punottaisi passive olisi punottu ei olisi punottu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. puno älä puno 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. punokoon älköön punoko 3rd sing. olkoon punonut älköön olko punonut
1st plur. punokaamme älkäämme punoko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. punokaa älkää punoko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. punokoot älkööt punoko 3rd plur. olkoot punoneet älkööt olko punoneet
passive punottakoon älköön punottako passive olkoon punottu älköön olko punottu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. punonen en punone 1st sing. lienen punonut en liene punonut
2nd sing. punonet et punone 2nd sing. lienet punonut et liene punonut
3rd sing. punonee ei punone 3rd sing. lienee punonut ei liene punonut
1st plur. punonemme emme punone 1st plur. lienemme punoneet emme liene punoneet
2nd plur. punonette ette punone 2nd plur. lienette punoneet ette liene punoneet
3rd plur. punonevat eivät punone 3rd plur. lienevät punoneet eivät liene punoneet
passive punottaneen ei punottane passive lienee punottu ei liene punottu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st punoa present punova punottava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st punoakseni punoaksemme
2nd punoaksesi punoaksenne
3rd punoakseen
punoaksensa
past punonut punottu
2nd inessive2 punoessa punottaessa agent4 punoma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st punoessani punoessamme
2nd punoessasi punoessanne
3rd punoessaan
punoessansa
negative punomaton
instructive punoen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive punomassa —
elative punomasta —
illative punomaan —
adessive punomalla —
abessive punomatta —
instructive punoman punottaman
4th3 verbal noun punominen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st punomaisillani punomaisillamme
2nd punomaisillasi punomaisillanne
3rd punomaisillaan
punomaisillansa

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Entry #812 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Further reading

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