Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vëlka

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

*vëlka[1]

  1. debt

Inflection

Inflection of *vëlka
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *vëlka *vëlgat
accusative *vëlgan *vëlgat
genitive *vëlgan *vëlkadën
*vëlkoidën
partitive *vëlkada *vëlkoida
inessive *vëlgassa
*vëlgahna 		*vëlgoissa
*vëlgoihna
elative *vëlgasta *vëlgoista
illative *vëlkahën *vëlkoihën
adessive *vëlgalla *vëlgoilla
ablative *vëlgalta *vëlgoilta
allative *vëlkalën
*vëlkalëk 		*vëlkoilën
*vëlkoilëk
essive *vëlkana *vëlkoina
translative *vëlgaksi *vëlgoiksi
instructive *vëlgan *vëlgoin
comitative *vëlkanëk *vëlkoinëk
abessive *vëlgatta *vëlgoitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: võlg
  • Finnish: velka
  • Ingrian: velka
  • Karelian:
  • Livonian: vȭlga
  • Livvi: velgu
  • Ludian: velg
  • Veps: velg
  • Võro: võlg
  • Votic: võlkõ
  • → Proto-Samic: *vealkē (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*vëlka”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “võlg”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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