Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vilkkadak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

According to SSA and EES, of sound-symbolic origin.^[1]^[2]

Verb

*vilkkadak (stem *vilkka-)

to flash, to blink, to flicker

Inflection

Inflection of *vilkkadak

	present	past	imperative	optative
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
1st sing.	*vilk'an	*vilk'oin	—	*vilkkagon
2nd sing.	*vilk'at	*vilk'oit	*vilk'ak	*vilkkagos
3rd sing.	vilkkabi vilkka	*vilkkoi	*vilkkagasën	*vilkkagosën
1st plur.	vilk'akmëk vilk'akmak	vilkkoimëk vilkkoimak	vilkkagatëmëk vilkkagatamak	vilkkagotëmëk vilkkagotamak
2nd plur.	vilk'aktëk vilk'aktak	vilkkoidëk vilkkoidak	vilkkagatë vilkkagata	vilkkagot'ëk vilkkagotadak
3rd plur.	vilkkabat vilkka	*vilkkoi	*vilkkagasën	*vilkkagosën
passive	vilk'aksën vilk'at'aksën	vilkkadisën vilk'attisën	vilkkadakahën vilk'attakahën	vilkkadakohën vilk'attakohën
connegative	*vilk'ak	—	*vilkkagak	*vilkkagok
passive connegative	*vilk'aktak	—	vilkkadagak vilk'attagak	vilkkadagok vilk'attagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*vilk'akcin	*vilkkoicin	*vilkkanën
2nd sing.	*vilk'akcit	*vilkkoicit	*vilkkanët
3rd sing.	*vilk'akci	*vilkkoici	*vilkkani
1st plur.	vilk'akcimëk vilk'akcimak	vilkkoicimëk vilkkoicimak	vilkkanëmëk vilkkanëmak
2nd plur.	vilk'akcidëk vilk'akcidak	vilkkoicidëk vilkkoicidak	vilkkanëdëk vilkkanëdak
3rd plur.	*vilk'akci	*vilkkoici	*vilkkani
passive	vilkkadakcihën vilk'at'akcihën	vilkkadicihën vilk'atticihën	vilkkadanëhën vilk'attanëhën
connegative	*vilk'akcik	*vilkkoicik	*vilkkanëk
passive connegative	vilkkadakcik vilk'at'akcik	vilkkadicik vilk'atticik	vilkkadanëk vilk'attanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		active	passive
infinitive 1	*vilkkadak	present	*vilkkaba	vilkkadapa vilk'attapa
infinitive 2	*vilkkadë-	past	*vilkkanut	vilkkadu vilk'attu
gerund/supine	*vilkkama
action noun	*vilkkaminen

Descendants

From *vilkkadak:

Finnish: (dialectal) vilkkaa
Ingrian: vilkkaa
Karelian:
- North Karelian: vilkkoa

From *vilkkudak:

Estonian: vilkuma/vilkuda
Finnish: vilkkua
Livonian: vilkõ
Votic: vilkkua

References

^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “vilkkua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
^ “vilk”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

[1] Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “vilkkua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[2] “vilk”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

[1]

[2]