Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þahsuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *tótḱ-us, from *tetḱ- (“to weave, braid, add, establish, construct”), likely owing to the badger's propensity to dig and thus construct tunnels.^[1] In this case, cognate with Latin texō (“weave, braid, build, compose”), Ancient Greek τίκτω (tíktō), τέχνη (tékhnē), τέκτων (téktōn).

However, later scholarship rejects the above relation and, in light of Proto-Celtic *taskos, has been derived from a Proto-Indo-European *toskos (“badger”),^[2] which Kroonen considers to be a loanword from some unidentified western European substrate.^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθɑx.suz/

Noun

*þahsuz m^[3]

badger

Inflection

Declension of *þahsuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þahsuz	*þahsiwiz
vocative	*þahsu	*þahsiwiz
accusative	*þahsų	*þahsunz
genitive	*þahsauz	*þahsiwǫ̂
dative	*þahsiwi	*þahsumaz
instrumental	*þahsū	*þahsumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þahs
- Old Frisian: *thaks
  - Saterland Frisian: Taks
- Old Saxon: thahs
  - Middle Low German: das, dasse
    - German Low German: Dass
- Old Dutch: *thas
  - Middle Dutch: das
    - Dutch: das
      - Afrikaans: das, dassie
        → English: dassie
      - Jersey Dutch: dās
      - → West Frisian: das
    - Limburgish: dasj
    - West Flemish: das
- Old High German: dahs
  - Middle High German: dahs
    - Cimbrian: daks
    - German: Dachs
      - → German Low German: Dacks
      - → Luxembourgish: Dachs
      - → Saterland Frisian: Daks
    - Hunsrik: Dachs
    - Luxembourgish: Duess (archaic)
    - Yiddish: דאַקס (daks)
- → Late Latin: taxus, taxō (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: þax, þǫx
- Norwegian Nynorsk: toks
  - ⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: svintoks
- Swedish: tax
- Danish: taks (obsolete)
Gothic: *𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐍃 (*þahsus)
- ⇒ Gothic: *𐌸𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌿𐌺𐍃 (*þahsuks) (diminutive)
  - → Vulgar Latin: *taxūcus (Hispania)
    - Aragonese: taxugo, taxubo, taxudo, texugo, texudo, texubo
    - Old Galician-Portuguese:
      - Galician: teixugo
      - Portuguese: texugo, teixugo
    - Spanish: tasugo

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þaxsuz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tasko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 372
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þahsu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 531

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þaxsuz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tasko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 372

[EDPG-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þahsu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 531

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