Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þakjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

From *þaką (“roof”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθɑk.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þakjaną

to cover (with a roof)

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þakjō	*þakjaų	—	*þakjai	?
2nd singular	*þakisi	*þakjais	*þaki	*þakjasai	*þakjaisau
3rd singular	*þakiþi	*þakjai	*þakjaþau	*þakjaþai	*þakjaiþau
1st dual	*þakjōs	*þakjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þakjaþiz	*þakjaiþiz	*þakjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þakjamaz	*þakjaim	—	*þakjanþai	*þakjainþau
2nd plural	*þakiþ	*þakjaiþ	*þakiþ	*þakjanþai	*þakjainþau
3rd plural	*þakjanþi	*þakjain	*þakjanþau	*þakjanþai	*þakjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þakidǭ	*þakidēdį̄
2nd singular	*þakidēz	*þakidēdīz
3rd singular	*þakidē	*þakidēdī
1st dual	*þakidēdū	*þakidēdīw
2nd dual	*þakidēdudiz	*þakidēdīdiz
1st plural	*þakidēdum	*þakidēdīm
2nd plural	*þakidēdud	*þakidēdīd
3rd plural	*þakidēdun	*þakidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þakjandz	*þakidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þakkjan
- Old English: þeċċean, þeċċan
  - Middle English: thecchen, theken (unassibilated form possibly from Old Norse þekja)
    - Scots: theke, theik, thack
    - English: thatch
    - Yola: detch
- Old Frisian: thekka, thekkia
  - Saterland Frisian: däkke
  - West Frisian: dekke
- Old Saxon: thekkian
  - Middle Low German: decken
    - German Low German: decken
- Old Dutch: thecken
  - Middle Dutch: decken
    - Dutch: dekken
    - Limburgish: dèkke
- Old High German: decchen
  - Middle High German: decken
    - German: decken
    - Luxembourgish: decken
Old Norse: þekja
- Icelandic: þekja
- Faroese: tekja
- Norwegian: tekkja
- Old Swedish: þækkia
  - Swedish: täcka
- Danish: tække
  - Norwegian Bokmål: tekke
- Gutnish: täkke, täkk'

Etymology 2

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *teh₂ǵ- (“burn”), and tentatively cognate with Ancient Greek τήγανον (tḗganon), τάγηνον (tágēnon, “frying pan”).^[2]

Verb

*þakjaną

to burn

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þakjō	*þakjaų	—	*þakjai	?
2nd singular	*þakisi	*þakjais	*þaki	*þakjasai	*þakjaisau
3rd singular	*þakiþi	*þakjai	*þakjaþau	*þakjaþai	*þakjaiþau
1st dual	*þakjōs	*þakjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þakjaþiz	*þakjaiþiz	*þakjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þakjamaz	*þakjaim	—	*þakjanþai	*þakjainþau
2nd plural	*þakiþ	*þakjaiþ	*þakiþ	*þakjanþai	*þakjainþau
3rd plural	*þakjanþi	*þakjain	*þakjanþau	*þakjanþai	*þakjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þakidǭ	*þakidēdį̄
2nd singular	*þakidēz	*þakidēdīz
3rd singular	*þakidē	*þakidēdī
1st dual	*þakidēdū	*þakidēdīw
2nd dual	*þakidēdudiz	*þakidēdīdiz
1st plural	*þakidēdum	*þakidēdīm
2nd plural	*þakidēdud	*þakidēdīd
3rd plural	*þakidēdun	*þakidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þakjandz	*þakidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þakkjan
- Old English: þeċċan
- Old High German: *dahhen
  - ⇒ Old High German: dahhazen

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þaka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 531-2: “*þakjan-”
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þakjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þaka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 531-2: “*þakjan-”

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þakjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532

[1]

[2]