Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þunkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *tn̥g-ye/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think, perceive”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈθuŋ.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þunkijaną

  1. to seem, (impersonal, with dative subject) to think

Usage notes

  • The impersonal use "to think" refers to thinking as in having an opinion. For thinking as in having thoughts, *þankijaną is used.

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þunkijō *þunkijaų — *þunkijai ?
2nd singular *þunkīsi *þunkijais *þunkī *þunkijasai *þunkijaisau
3rd singular *þunkīþi *þunkijai *þunkijaþau *þunkijaþai *þunkijaiþau
1st dual *þunkijōs *þunkijaiw — — —
2nd dual *þunkijaþiz *þunkijaiþiz *þunkijaþiz — —
1st plural *þunkijamaz *þunkijaim — *þunkijanþai *þunkijainþau
2nd plural *þunkīþ *þunkijaiþ *þunkīþ *þunkijanþai *þunkijainþau
3rd plural *þunkijanþi *þunkijain *þunkijanþau *þunkijanþai *þunkijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þunhtǭ *þunhtēdį̄
2nd singular *þunhtēz *þunhtēdīz
3rd singular *þunhtē *þunhtēdī
1st dual *þunhtēdū *þunhtēdīw
2nd dual *þunhtēdudiz *þunhtēdīdiz
1st plural *þunhtēdum *þunhtēdīm
2nd plural *þunhtēdud *þunhtēdīd
3rd plural *þunhtēdun *þunhtēdīn
present past
participles *þunkijandz *þunkidaz

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þunkjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 551
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