Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwinhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *twenk- (“to squeeze, press, pack; pressure”). Cognate with Tocharian A twāṅkā- (“to wear”), Lithuanian tveñkti (“to dam up”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈθwĩː.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þwinhaną[2]

  1. to constrain
  2. to force

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwinhō *þwinhaų — *þwinhai ?
2nd singular *þwinhizi *þwinhaiz *þwinh *þwinhazai *þwinhaizau
3rd singular *þwinhidi *þwinhai *þwinhadau *þwinhadai *þwinhaidau
1st dual *þwinhōz *þwinhaiw — — —
2nd dual *þwinhadiz *þwinhaidiz *þwinhadiz — —
1st plural *þwinhamaz *þwinhaim — *þwinhandai *þwinhaindau
2nd plural *þwinhid *þwinhaid *þwinhid *þwinhandai *þwinhaindau
3rd plural *þwinhandi *þwinhain *þwinhandau *þwinhandai *þwinhaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwanh *þwungį̄
2nd singular *þwanht *þwungīz
3rd singular *þwanh *þwungī
1st dual *þwungū *þwungīw
2nd dual *þwungudiz *þwungīdiz
1st plural *þwungum *þwungīm
2nd plural *þwungud *þwungīd
3rd plural *þwungun *þwungīn
present past
participles *þwinhandz *þwunganaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *þwingan
    • Old Frisian: thwinga
    • Old Saxon: thwingan
    • Old Dutch: *thwingan
    • Old High German: dwingan
  • Old Norse: þvinga

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þwenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 431
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þwinhan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.