Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aglijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *aglaz (painful) or *agluz (difficult) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑɣ.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*aglijaną[1]

  1. to damage; offend

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *aglijō *aglijaų *aglijai ?
2nd singular *aglīsi *aglijais *aglī *aglijasai *aglijaisau
3rd singular *aglīþi *aglijai *aglijaþau *aglijaþai *aglijaiþau
1st dual *aglijōs *aglijaiw
2nd dual *aglijaþiz *aglijaiþiz *aglijaþiz
1st plural *aglijamaz *aglijaim *aglijanþai *aglijainþau
2nd plural *aglīþ *aglijaiþ *aglīþ *aglijanþai *aglijainþau
3rd plural *aglijanþi *aglijain *aglijanþau *aglijanþai *aglijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *aglidǭ *aglidēdį̄
2nd singular *aglidēz *aglidēdīz
3rd singular *aglidē *aglidēdī
1st dual *aglidēdū *aglidēdīw
2nd dual *aglidēdudiz *aglidēdīdiz
1st plural *aglidēdum *aglidēdīm
2nd plural *aglidēdud *aglidēdīd
3rd plural *aglidēdun *aglidēdīn
present past
participles *aglijandz *aglidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *aglijan
    • Old English: eġlan, eġlian, elan
      • Middle English: eilen, eilien, alen
        • English: ail
        • Scots: ail
        • Yola: teil
    • >? Old Saxon: *eglan
      • Middle Low German: egelen, echelen, ekelen, eichelen
        • Low German: aicheln
        • German: ekeln
  • Old Norse: *egla
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*agla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 4-5:*agljan-