Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aibraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”). Kroonen assigns no extra-Germanic cognates, giving only German Eifer (“zeal, eagerness”) as a possible relation,[1] while others have suggested cognacy with dialectal Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑi̯.βrɑz/

Adjective

*aibraz[1]

  1. sharp, bitter
  2. vehement, dire
  3. violent

Inflection

Declension of *aibraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *aibraz *aibrō *aibrą, -atō *aibrai *aibrôz *aibrō
accusative *aibranǭ *aibrǭ *aibrą, -atō *aibranz *aibrōz *aibrō
genitive *aibras, -is *aibraizōz *aibras, -is *aibraizǫ̂ *aibraizǫ̂ *aibraizǫ̂
dative *aibrammai *aibraizōi *aibrammai *aibraimaz *aibraimaz *aibraimaz
instrumental *aibranō *aibraizō *aibranō *aibraimiz *aibraimiz *aibraimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *aibrô *aibrǭ *aibrô *aibraniz *aibrōniz *aibrōnō
accusative *aibranų *aibrōnų *aibrô *aibranunz *aibrōnunz *aibrōnō
genitive *aibriniz *aibrōniz *aibriniz *aibranǫ̂ *aibrōnǫ̂ *aibranǫ̂
dative *aibrini *aibrōni *aibrini *aibrammaz *aibrōmaz *aibrammaz
instrumental *aibrinē *aibrōnē *aibrinē *aibrammiz *aibrōmiz *aibrammiz

Derived terms

  • *aibrą
  • *aibrį̄

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *aibr
    • Old English: ābor, āfor
    • Old Frisian: *āver
    • Old High German: eibar, eivar, eifar, aipar, eipar, eiber, eiver, eifir
  • Old Norse: æfr (possibly also from *abraz)
  • Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃 (*aifrs)
    • → Old Occitan: affre
      • → Middle French: affre

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aibra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 7-8
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