Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiwiskaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eygʷʰ- + *-iskos;^[1] for the root, compare Sanskrit अनेहस् (an-ehás, “flawless, unrivalled”) (< *n̥-h₂eygʷʰós).

Formerly often compared with Ancient Greek αἶσχος (aîskhos), but this hypothesis has largely been abandoned due to its formal difficulty.^[2]

Adjective

*aiwiskaz^[1]

shameful

Inflection

Declension of *aiwiskaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aiwiskaz	*aiwiskō	*aiwiską, -atō	*aiwiskai	*aiwiskôz	*aiwiskō
accusative	*aiwiskanǭ	*aiwiskǭ	*aiwiską, -atō	*aiwiskanz	*aiwiskōz	*aiwiskō
genitive	*aiwiskas, -is	*aiwiskaizōz	*aiwiskas, -is	*aiwiskaizǫ̂	*aiwiskaizǫ̂	*aiwiskaizǫ̂
dative	*aiwiskammai	*aiwiskaizōi	*aiwiskammai	*aiwiskaimaz	*aiwiskaimaz	*aiwiskaimaz
instrumental	*aiwiskanō	*aiwiskaizō	*aiwiskanō	*aiwiskaimiz	*aiwiskaimiz	*aiwiskaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aiwiskô	*aiwiskǭ	*aiwiskô	*aiwiskaniz	*aiwiskōniz	*aiwiskōnō
accusative	*aiwiskanų	*aiwiskōnų	*aiwiskô	*aiwiskanunz	*aiwiskōnunz	*aiwiskōnō
genitive	*aiwiskiniz	*aiwiskōniz	*aiwiskiniz	*aiwiskanǫ̂	*aiwiskōnǫ̂	*aiwiskanǫ̂
dative	*aiwiskini	*aiwiskōni	*aiwiskini	*aiwiskammaz	*aiwiskōmaz	*aiwiskammaz
instrumental	*aiwiskinē	*aiwiskōnē	*aiwiskinē	*aiwiskammiz	*aiwiskōmiz	*aiwiskammiz

Derived terms

*aiwiskō
- Old English: ǣwisċ

Descendants

Old English: āwisċ, ǣwisċ, ēawisċ
Old Saxon: *ēwisk
- Middle Low German: êsch, eisch
  - German Low German: aiwisk, eisk, aisch
Old High German: *ēwisk
- Middle High German: eisch
- ⇒ Old High German: ēwisklīh
Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*aiwisks) (in 𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (unaiwisks))

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiwiska-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἶσχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiwiska-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἶσχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

[1]

[2]