Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti, from *h₂erh₃-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*arjaną[1]

  1. to plough/plow

Inflection

The past is reduplicated; otherwise, based on the root’s shape, one would expect a class 6-type form **ōr-. The class 7 past is based on a single attested strong iarun ‘they plowed’ in Old High German; the past is weak or unattested in all other languages.

Conjugation of (strong class 7 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *arjō *arjaų — *arjai ?
2nd singular *arisi *arjais *ari *arjasai *arjaisau
3rd singular *ariþi *arjai *arjaþau *arjaþai *arjaiþau
1st dual *arjōs *arjaiw — — —
2nd dual *arjaþiz *arjaiþiz *arjaþiz — —
1st plural *arjamaz *arjaim — *arjanþai *arjainþau
2nd plural *ariþ *arjaiþ *ariþ *arjanþai *arjainþau
3rd plural *arjanþi *arjain *arjanþau *arjanþai *arjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *ear *earį̄
2nd singular *eart *earīz
3rd singular *ear *earī
1st dual *earū *earīw
2nd dual *earudiz *earīdiz
1st plural *earum *earīm
2nd plural *earud *earīd
3rd plural *earun *earīn
present past
participles *arjandz *aranaz

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34
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