Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balwōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Either derived from *balwą (“evil, misfortune”) +‎ *-ōną or *balwaz (“evil, bad”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑl.wɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*balwōną

to make worse, spoil, damage
to torture, torment
to speak evil, swear, curse

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*balwō	*balwǭ	—	*balwōi	?
2nd singular	*balwōsi	*balwōs	*balwō	*balwōsai	*balwōsau
3rd singular	*balwōþi	*balwō	*balwōþau	*balwōþai	*balwōþau
1st dual	*balwōs	*balwōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*balwōþiz	*balwōþiz	*balwōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*balwōmaz	*balwōm	—	*balwōnþai	*balwōnþau
2nd plural	*balwōþ	*balwōþ	*balwōþ	*balwōnþai	*balwōnþau
3rd plural	*balwōnþi	*balwōn	*balwōnþau	*balwōnþai	*balwōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*balwōdǭ	*balwōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*balwōdēz	*balwōdēdīz
3rd singular	*balwōdē	*balwōdēdī
1st dual	*balwōdēdū	*balwōdēdīw
2nd dual	*balwōdēdudiz	*balwōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*balwōdēdum	*balwōdēdīm
2nd plural	*balwōdēdud	*balwōdēdīd
3rd plural	*balwōdēdun	*balwōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*balwōndz	*balwōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *balwōn
- >? Old Frisian: *balia
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: forbalia
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: urbalia
- Old Saxon: *baluwōn
  - Middle Low German: *balwen
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: vörbalwen, vorbalwen, vorballewen
- Old Dutch: *baluwon
  - Middle Dutch: baluwen, baellewen
- Old High German: *balawōn
  - ⇒ Old High German: gibalawōn
- →? Vulgar Latin: *balvō, *malvō (assimilated to Latin malus)
  - Galician: malvar
  - Old Spanish: malvar
Old Norse: bǫlva
- Icelandic: bölva