Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰ- or *bʰordʰ-, probably from *bʰer-, *bʰor- (“to protrude; bristle, spike, tip, awn”); compare *baraz for the unextended root.
Sometimes considered a derivative of *bardaz (“beard”), as if meaning “beard-shaped tool”,[1] though the direction could be the reverse. Orel compares Old Norse skegg-ǫx (literally “beard-axe”) for the semantics.

Noun

*bardǭ f [1]

  1. axe
    Synonyms: *adisô, *akwisī, *bardō, *bīþlaz

Inflection

Declension of *bardǭ (ōn-stem)
singular plural
nominative *bardǭ *bardōniz
vocative *bardǭ *bardōniz
accusative *bardōnų *bardōnunz
genitive *bardōniz *bardōnǫ̂
dative *bardōni *bardōmaz
instrumental *bardōnē *bardōmiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *bardā
    • Old Saxon: barda
    • Frankish: *barda > *Langabarda (possibly, meaning "long axe")
    • Old High German: barta
      • Middle High German: barte
  • Old Norse: barða

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ƀarđōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 36–37
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