Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ginnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unclear, the root has often been traced to Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to take”), e.g. by LIV. Kroonen and Scheungraber take it to be from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin”),^[1]^[2] with the prefix inducing voicing by Verner's law. Cognates would then include Proto-Slavic *načęti (“to begin”) and Proto-Celtic *kentus (“first”). If the meaning 'to cut open' is original, the verb could be related to *gīnaną (“to gape, to yawn”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ginnaną^[1]^[3]

to begin
to make an opening, to cut open

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*ginnō	*ginnaų	—	*ginnai	?
2nd singular	*ginnizi	*ginnaiz	*ginn	*ginnazai	*ginnaizau
3rd singular	*ginnidi	*ginnai	*ginnadau	*ginnadai	*ginnaidau
1st dual	*ginnōz	*ginnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*ginnadiz	*ginnaidiz	*ginnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*ginnamaz	*ginnaim	—	*ginnandai	*ginnaindau
2nd plural	*ginnid	*ginnaid	*ginnid	*ginnandai	*ginnaindau
3rd plural	*ginnandi	*ginnain	*ginnandau	*ginnandai	*ginnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gann	*gunnį̄
2nd singular	*gannt	*gunnīz
3rd singular	*gann	*gunnī
1st dual	*gunnū	*gunnīw
2nd dual	*gunnudiz	*gunnīdiz
1st plural	*gunnum	*gunnīm
2nd plural	*gunnud	*gunnīd
3rd plural	*gunnun	*gunnīn

	present	past
participles	*ginnandz	*gunnanaz

Descendants

The verb has no attested unprefixed descendants.

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *anaginnan
- Old High German: *anaginnan
  - Middle High German: aneginnen
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andaginnan (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *biginnan (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaginnan
- Old Saxon: *gaginnan
  - Middle Low German: geginnen
- Old High German: giginnan
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *inginnan
- Old English: inginnan
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *undarginnan
- Old English: underginnan
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *uʀginnan
- Old English: āginnan
- >? Old Dutch: āginnan (attested as hagunnan)
⇒ Gothic: 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (duginnan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ginnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178
^ Corinna Scheungraber, Zur Lexikalisierung präfigierter Verben im Germanischen
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*gennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 132

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ginnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178

[2] Corinna Scheungraber, Zur Lexikalisierung präfigierter Verben im Germanischen

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*gennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 132

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[2]

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