Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bremaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to make noise”), an onomatopoeic root.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbre.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bremaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to roar

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 4)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bremō	*bremaų	—	*bremai	?
2nd singular	*brimizi	*bremaiz	*brem	*bremazai	*bremaizau
3rd singular	*brimidi	*bremai	*bremadau	*bremadai	*bremaidau
1st dual	*bremōz	*bremaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bremadiz	*bremaidiz	*bremadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bremamaz	*bremaim	—	*bremandai	*bremaindau
2nd plural	*brimid	*bremaid	*brimid	*bremandai	*bremaindau
3rd plural	*bremandi	*bremain	*bremandau	*bremandai	*bremaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bram	*brēmį̄
2nd singular	*bramt	*brēmīz
3rd singular	*bram	*brēmī
1st dual	*brēmū	*brēmīw
2nd dual	*brēmudiz	*brēmīdiz
1st plural	*brēmum	*brēmīm
2nd plural	*brēmud	*brēmīd
3rd plural	*brēmun	*brēmīn

	present	past
participles	*bremandz	*brumanaz

Derived terms

*bramjaną
*bremisaz
*bremisǭ
*brimmaną
*brumjaz
*brummōną
- Proto-West Germanic: *brummōn
*brumþiz

Related terms

*brōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *breman
- Old Dutch: *breman
  - Middle Dutch: brēmen
- Old High German: *breman
  - Middle High German: bremen
  - ⇒ Old High German: brema (noun)
    - Middle High German: breme
      - Alemannic German: Brämme
      - German: Breme (archaic)
- → Galician: bremar

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*breman- ~ *brimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brem(m)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “BREM-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 135

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*breman- ~ *brimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brem(m)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55

[Seebold-3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “BREM-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 135

[1]

[2]

[3]