Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brimmaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to make noise”). This verb is closely related to *bremaną, the geminate 'm' in the root seems to have arisen due to the influence of the iterative verb *brummōną.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbrim.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brimmaną[1][2]

  1. to drone, to hum
  2. to roar

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *brimmō *brimmaų — *brimmai ?
2nd singular *brimmizi *brimmaiz *brimm *brimmazai *brimmaizau
3rd singular *brimmidi *brimmai *brimmadau *brimmadai *brimmaidau
1st dual *brimmōz *brimmaiw — — —
2nd dual *brimmadiz *brimmaidiz *brimmadiz — —
1st plural *brimmamaz *brimmaim — *brimmandai *brimmaindau
2nd plural *brimmid *brimmaid *brimmid *brimmandai *brimmaindau
3rd plural *brimmandi *brimmain *brimmandau *brimmandai *brimmaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bramm *brummį̄
2nd singular *brammt *brummīz
3rd singular *bramm *brummī
1st dual *brummū *brummīw
2nd dual *brummudiz *brummīdiz
1st plural *brummum *brummīm
2nd plural *brummud *brummīd
3rd plural *brummun *brummīn
present past
participles *brimmandz *brummanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *brimman
    • Old Saxon: *brimman
      • Middle Low German: brimmen
    • Old Dutch: *brimman
      • Middle Dutch: brimmen
    • Old High German: *brimman
      • Middle High German: brimmen

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*breman- ~ *brimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brem(m)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
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