Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *brukkōþi ~ *brukunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰrug-nā́-ti ~ *bʰrug-un-ánti, iterative to *brekaną (to break). Possible parallel formation with Latin frangō (to break).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brukkōną[1]

  1. to break, crumble

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *brukk- against *bruk-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *brukkō *brukkǭ *brukkōi ?
2nd singular *brukkōsi *brukkōs *brukkō *brukkōsai *brukkōsau
3rd singular *brukkōþi *brukkō *brukkōþau *brukkōþai *brukkōþau
1st dual *brukkōs *brukkōw
2nd dual *brukkōþiz *brukkōþiz *brukkōþiz
1st plural *brukkōmaz *brukkōm *brukkōnþai *brukkōnþau
2nd plural *brukkōþ *brukkōþ *brukkōþ *brukkōnþai *brukkōnþau
3rd plural *brukkōnþi *brukkōn *brukkōnþau *brukkōnþai *brukkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *brukkōdǭ *brukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *brukkōdēz *brukkōdēdīz
3rd singular *brukkōdē *brukkōdēdī
1st dual *brukkōdēdū *brukkōdēdīw
2nd dual *brukkōdēdudiz *brukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *brukkōdēdum *brukkōdēdīm
2nd plural *brukkōdēdud *brukkōdēdīd
3rd plural *brukkōdēdun *brukkōdēdīn
present past
participles *brukkōndz *brukkōdaz

Derived terms

  • *brukkô

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *brokkōn
    • Old English: brocian
    • Old Dutch: *brocken, *broken
    • Old High German: brohhōn, brokkōn
  • Old Norse: *broka
    • Norwegian: broka

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bruk(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 79