Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bullōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *bullōþi ~ *bulunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰul-nā́-ti ~ *bʰul-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound, roar”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbul.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bullōną

to howl, roar

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *bull- against *bul-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bullō	*bullǭ	—	*bullōi	?
2nd singular	*bullōsi	*bullōs	*bullō	*bullōsai	*bullōsau
3rd singular	*bullōþi	*bullō	*bullōþau	*bullōþai	*bullōþau
1st dual	*bullōs	*bullōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bullōþiz	*bullōþiz	*bullōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bullōmaz	*bullōm	—	*bullōnþai	*bullōnþau
2nd plural	*bullōþ	*bullōþ	*bullōþ	*bullōnþai	*bullōnþau
3rd plural	*bullōnþi	*bullōn	*bullōnþau	*bullōnþai	*bullōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bullōdǭ	*bullōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*bullōdēz	*bullōdēdīz
3rd singular	*bullōdē	*bullōdēdī
1st dual	*bullōdēdū	*bullōdēdīw
2nd dual	*bullōdēdudiz	*bullōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*bullōdēdum	*bullōdēdīm
2nd plural	*bullōdēdud	*bullōdēdīd
3rd plural	*bullōdēdun	*bullōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bullōndz	*bullōdaz

Related terms

*baljōną

Descendants

Old Saxon: *bullōn
- Middle Low German: bullen
Old Dutch: *bullon
- Middle Dutch: bullen
  - Dutch: bullen
Old High German: bullōn
- Middle High German: bullen, büllen
  - German: büllen
Old Norse: bulla
- Icelandic: bulla
- Faroese: bulla
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bulla

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN