Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/buttaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*butaz

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbut.tɑz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudnós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push”), an extension of *bʰew- (“to blow, swell”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Adjective

*buttaz

(West Germanic) cut off; chopped; stumpy

Inflection

Declension of *buttaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*buttaz	*buttō	*buttą, -atō	*buttai	*buttôz	*buttō
accusative	*buttanǭ	*buttǭ	*buttą, -atō	*buttanz	*buttōz	*buttō
genitive	*buttas, -is	*buttaizōz	*buttas, -is	*buttaizǫ̂	*buttaizǫ̂	*buttaizǫ̂
dative	*buttammai	*buttaizōi	*buttammai	*buttaimaz	*buttaimaz	*buttaimaz
instrumental	*buttanō	*buttaizō	*buttanō	*buttaimiz	*buttaimiz	*buttaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*buttô	*buttǭ	*buttô	*buttaniz	*buttōniz	*buttōnō
accusative	*buttanų	*buttōnų	*buttô	*buttanunz	*buttōnunz	*buttōnō
genitive	*buttiniz	*buttōniz	*buttiniz	*buttanǫ̂	*buttōnǫ̂	*buttanǫ̂
dative	*buttini	*buttōni	*buttini	*buttammaz	*buttōmaz	*buttammaz
instrumental	*buttinē	*buttōnē	*buttinē	*buttammiz	*buttōmiz	*buttammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *butt
- Old Frisian: *butt, *but
  - Saterland Frisian: but
  - West Frisian: bot
- Old Saxon: *butt
  - Middle Low German: but, butt
    - German Low German: butt
- Old Dutch: *but, *butt
  - Middle Dutch: butte, but, bot
    - Dutch: bot
- → Old French: bot
  - ⇒? Old French: bote
    - Middle French: botte
      - French: botte
    - → Middle English: bote
      - English: boot

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós (“bottom”), later thematic variant of *bʰudʰmḗn ~ *bʰudʰn-, perhaps from *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”).^[1]

Noun

*buttaz m

end; piece

Inflection

Declension of *buttaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*buttaz	buttōz, buttōs
vocative	*butt	buttōz, buttōs
accusative	*buttą	*buttanz
genitive	buttas, buttis	*buttǫ̂
dative	*buttai	*buttamaz
instrumental	*buttō	*buttamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *butt
- Old English: *butt (attested in diminutive buttuc); bytt, byt
  - Middle English: butte, but
    - Scots: butt
    - English: but, butt
  - Anglo-Latin: butta
- Old Frisian: butie
- Old Saxon: *butt
  - Middle Low German: *butt, butken
    - Low German: butt; Butte, Bütte
      - → German: Butt, Steinbutt
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: butt
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: butt
    - → Danish: but
- Old Dutch: *but, *butt
  - Middle Dutch: butte, but, bot
    - Dutch: bot
- → Old French: bot, bout; bote
  - Middle French: bute, butte
    - French: butte
      - → English: butte
  - → Dutch: bot
  - → Middle English: bote
    - English: boot
  - → Spanish: boto
- Old High German: *butz, *buz; *butzo, *buzzo
  - Middle High German: butze
    - German: Butzen; (putzen?)
Old Norse: butr, bútr
- Icelandic: bútur
- Old Swedish: buter
  - Swedish: but (archaic)
- → Old French: but
  - Middle French: but
    - French: but

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*budman- ~ *buttman- (> *buttaz)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 82

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*budman- ~ *buttman- (> *buttaz)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 82

[1]