Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreusaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to fall down, break off”).[1] Cognate with Russian дры́хнуть (drýxnutʹ, “to sleep”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdreu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dreusaną[1][3]

  1. to fall

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *dreusō *dreusaų — *dreusai ?
2nd singular *driusizi *dreusaiz *dreus *dreusazai *dreusaizau
3rd singular *driusidi *dreusai *dreusadau *dreusadai *dreusaidau
1st dual *dreusōz *dreusaiw — — —
2nd dual *dreusadiz *dreusaidiz *dreusadiz — —
1st plural *dreusamaz *dreusaim — *dreusandai *dreusaindau
2nd plural *driusid *dreusaid *driusid *dreusandai *dreusaindau
3rd plural *dreusandi *dreusain *dreusandau *dreusandai *dreusaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *draus *druzį̄
2nd singular *draust *druzīz
3rd singular *draus *druzī
1st dual *druzū *druzīw
2nd dual *druzudiz *druzīdiz
1st plural *druzum *druzīm
2nd plural *druzud *druzīd
3rd plural *druzun *druzīn
present past
participles *dreusandz *druzanaz

Derived terms

  • *drūsijaną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *dreusan
    • Old English: drēosan
    • Old Saxon: driosan
      • Middle Low German: *drūsen
        • Low German: drusen, drusken
        • →? German: dräuschen (Central German; may be inherited, but not attested in Old and Middle High German)
    • Old Dutch: *driosan
      • Middle Dutch: druschen, druyschen
  • Old Norse: *drjósa
    • Norwegian Bokmål: drysse
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: drjose, drysse
    • Old Danish: drysa
    • Swedish: drösa
  • Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dreusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drūsēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105
  3. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*dreusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
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