Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dungō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-, metathesized from *dʰǵʰḿ̥-, from *dʰéǵʰ-ōm ~ *dʰǵʰ-més (“earth”). Possibly cognate with Latvian dañga (“rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay”). Often citied as being related to Proto-Germanic *dungz (“cellar”), from *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”),[1] however this seems semantically doubtful.

Noun

*dungō f

  1. earth, dirt
  2. dung, manure

Inflection

Declension of *dungō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *dungō *dungôz
vocative *dungō *dungôz
accusative *dungǭ *dungōz
genitive *dungōz *dungǫ̂
dative *dungōi *dungōmaz
instrumental *dungō *dungōmiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *dungu
    • Old English: dung, ding
      • Middle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge
        • English: dung
        • Scots: dung
    • Old Frisian: dung
    • Old Dutch: *dunga
    • Old High German: tunga
      • Middle High German: tunge

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “dunga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109
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