Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fērijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fērō (“danger, harm”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸeː.ri.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fērijaną[1]

  1. to terrify, to frighten
  2. to slight

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fērijō *fērijaų — *fērijai ?
2nd singular *fērīsi *fērijais *fērī *fērijasai *fērijaisau
3rd singular *fērīþi *fērijai *fērijaþau *fērijaþai *fērijaiþau
1st dual *fērijōs *fērijaiw — — —
2nd dual *fērijaþiz *fērijaiþiz *fērijaþiz — —
1st plural *fērijamaz *fērijaim — *fērijanþai *fērijainþau
2nd plural *fērīþ *fērijaiþ *fērīþ *fērijanþai *fērijainþau
3rd plural *fērijanþi *fērijain *fērijanþau *fērijanþai *fērijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fēridǭ *fēridēdį̄
2nd singular *fēridēz *fēridēdīz
3rd singular *fēridē *fēridēdī
1st dual *fēridēdū *fēridēdīw
2nd dual *fēridēdudiz *fēridēdīdiz
1st plural *fēridēdum *fēridēdīm
2nd plural *fēridēdud *fēridēdīd
3rd plural *fēridēdun *fēridēdīn
present past
participles *fērijandz *fēridaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fārijan
    • Old English: fǣran
    • ⇒ Old English: fored, forod (“broken, fractured, weakened, crippled, void”) (< *fārōn)
    • Old Dutch: *fāren
  • Old Norse: færa

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fērjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
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