Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fergunją

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pérwn̥-yo-m, from *pérwr̥ (rock, mountain), or from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (oak tree). The former possibility would have an unexplained irregular development of w > g in Germanic, while the latter matches in form but poses difficulties in the meaning.

The existence in Old Norse of a masculine noun Fjǫrgynn (Frigg's father) — ostensibly from Proto-Germanic *Fergunjaz (masculine divine personification of mountainland) — alongside the feminine noun Fjǫrgyn (Thor's mother; earth, land, mountain) — from Proto-Germanic *Fergunjō (feminine divine personification of mountainland) — and the neuter, whose original meaning in Proto-Germanic can be reconstructed as “(forested) mountain(land)”, suggests that the underlying term was a Proto-Germanic adjective *fergunjaz, probably cognate with Proto-Celtic *Φerkunyos (Hercynian Forest), presumably originally an appellative meaning “forested (mountain)land”.

The Celtic word could have been also originally an adjective. Compare the Gallo-Latin adjective found in Hercynia silva alongside Hercynius saltus, which in both cases can be reconstructed as meaning “forested”. The suggested derivation from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- fits this well and suggests an original meaning “covered in oaks” for Proto-Indo-European *perk(ʷ)unyos, rather than a noun meaning “forest”.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸer.ɣun.jɑ̃/

Noun

*fergunją n

  1. mountain

Inflection

Declension of *fergunją (neuter ja-stem)
singular plural
nominative *fergunją *fergunjō
vocative *fergunją *fergunjō
accusative *fergunją *fergunjō
genitive *fergunjas, *fergunis *fergunjǫ̂
dative *fergunjai *fergunjamaz
instrumental *fergunjō *fergunjamiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fergunī
  • Old Norse: fjǫrgyn f
    • Icelandic: fjörgyn f
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 (fairguni)