Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fifaldǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pa(l)-pal- (“fluttering; butterfly”), a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *pal- (“to touch, tap, pat”), possibly of onomatopoeic origin.^[1] Cognate with Latin pāpiliō (“butterfly”), Lithuanian pi̇́epala (“quail”), Proto-Slavic *perpelъ (“quail”),^[2] Lithuanian papelučkà (“moth, owlling”), Old Mazanderani پاپلی (pāp(e)lē, “butterfly”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸi.ɸɑl.dɔ̃ː/

Noun

*fifaldǭ f^[2]

butterfly

Inflection

Declension of *fifaldǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fifaldǭ	*fifaldōniz
vocative	*fifaldǭ	*fifaldōniz
accusative	*fifaldōnų	*fifaldōnunz
genitive	*fifaldōniz	*fifaldōnǫ̂
dative	*fifaldōni	*fifaldōmaz
instrumental	*fifaldōnē	*fifaldōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fifaldā, *fifaldrā
- Old English: fifalde, fifealde
- Old Saxon: fīfoldara, fivildra, vivildra
- Old Dutch: *fifaltra, *fīfaltra
  - Middle Dutch: vivaltere, vivalter, viveltere, vyvalter
    - Dutch: vijfwouter, wiewouter
- Old High German: fifaltra, pifoltra, fīfaltra; zwifaltra
  - Middle High German: vīvalter, vīveltre; *zwīvalter
    - German: Feifalter, Pfeiffalter; Zweifalter; Falter
    - ⇒ Yiddish: פֿלאַטערל (flaterl)
Old Norse: fífrildi
- Icelandic: fiðrildi
- Faroese: fiðrildi, firvaldur
- Norwegian Bokmål: fivreld, fryvil
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fivreld, fivrelde, fevældre, fivel, fyrveld, fivrild, fibrelde, forelde
- Old Swedish: fiädhal
  - Swedish: fjäril
- Gutnish: fjädavall, fjädurhalldi, fjädaralld
- Dalian: fjörald, fjäråld
  - Western: fjöril
  - Elfdalian: fyörolder
  - Eastern: fjärålder, fjäråll, fjöråll, fyrålld
- Gutnish: fjödarvald, fjädarvall, fjedurhaldi
- Helsingian: fel, fyller, fjöder, flöijel

References

^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “flattern”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fīfaldra/ō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140

[1] Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “flattern”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[EDPG-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fīfaldra/ō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140

[1]

[2]