Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fijāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *ph₁ih₁yé-, from an original stative *ph₁yéh₁-, to a ye-present formation from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). Cognate with Sanskrit पीयति (pī́yati, “to blame”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸi.jɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fijāną[1][2]

  1. to hate
    Antonym: *frijōną
  2. to dislike

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fijō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *fijaisi ? *fijai *fijāsai ?
3rd singular *fijaiþi ? *fijāþau *fijāþai ?
1st dual *fijōs ? — — —
2nd dual *fijāþiz ? *fijāþiz — —
1st plural *fijāmaz ? — *fijānþai ?
2nd plural *fijaiþ ? *fijaiþ *fijānþai ?
3rd plural *fijānþi ? *fijānþau *fijānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fijadǭ *fijadēdį̄
2nd singular *fijadēz *fijadēdīz
3rd singular *fijadē *fijadēdī
1st dual *fijadēdū *fijadēdīw
2nd dual *fijadēdudiz *fijadēdīdiz
1st plural *fijadēdum *fijadēdīm
2nd plural *fijadēdud *fijadēdīd
3rd plural *fijadēdun *fijadēdīn
present past
participles *fijāndz *fijadaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fijēn
    • Old English: fēoġan
    • Old High German: fīēn
  • Proto-Norse:
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fijan)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fijēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103
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