Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frōdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frōdaz (wise) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸrɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*frōdijaną[1]

  1. to make wise; instruct; teach; advise

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *frōdijō *frōdijaų *frōdijai ?
2nd singular *frōdīsi *frōdijais *frōdī *frōdijasai *frōdijaisau
3rd singular *frōdīþi *frōdijai *frōdijaþau *frōdijaþai *frōdijaiþau
1st dual *frōdijōs *frōdijaiw
2nd dual *frōdijaþiz *frōdijaiþiz *frōdijaþiz
1st plural *frōdijamaz *frōdijaim *frōdijanþai *frōdijainþau
2nd plural *frōdīþ *frōdijaiþ *frōdīþ *frōdijanþai *frōdijainþau
3rd plural *frōdijanþi *frōdijain *frōdijanþau *frōdijanþai *frōdijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *frōdidǭ *frōdidēdį̄
2nd singular *frōdidēz *frōdidēdīz
3rd singular *frōdidē *frōdidēdī
1st dual *frōdidēdū *frōdidēdīw
2nd dual *frōdidēdudiz *frōdidēdīdiz
1st plural *frōdidēdum *frōdidēdīm
2nd plural *frōdidēdud *frōdidēdīd
3rd plural *frōdidēdun *frōdidēdīn
present past
participles *frōdijandz *frōdidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *frōdijan
    • Old English: frēdan
      • Middle English: freden, frede
    • Old Dutch: *fruoden
    • Old High German: fruotēn
      • Middle High German: vrüeten
  • Old Norse: frǿða

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*frōđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115