Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frōdaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Vṛddhi gerundive of *fraþjaną (“to understand”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸrɔː.ðɑz/

Adjective

*frōdaz (comparative *frōdōzô, superlative *frōdōstaz)

  1. wise, experienced, knowledgeable

Inflection

Declension of *frōdaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *frōdaz *frōdō *frōdą, -atō *frōdai *frōdôz *frōdō
accusative *frōdanǭ *frōdǭ *frōdą, -atō *frōdanz *frōdōz *frōdō
genitive *frōdas, -is *frōdaizōz *frōdas, -is *frōdaizǫ̂ *frōdaizǫ̂ *frōdaizǫ̂
dative *frōdammai *frōdaizōi *frōdammai *frōdaimaz *frōdaimaz *frōdaimaz
instrumental *frōdanō *frōdaizō *frōdanō *frōdaimiz *frōdaimiz *frōdaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *frōdô *frōdǭ *frōdô *frōdaniz *frōdōniz *frōdōnō
accusative *frōdanų *frōdōnų *frōdô *frōdanunz *frōdōnunz *frōdōnō
genitive *frōdiniz *frōdōniz *frōdiniz *frōdanǫ̂ *frōdōnǫ̂ *frōdanǫ̂
dative *frōdini *frōdōni *frōdini *frōdammaz *frōdōmaz *frōdammaz
instrumental *frōdinē *frōdōnē *frōdinē *frōdammiz *frōdōmiz *frōdammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *frōd
    • Old English: frōd
      • Middle English: *frod, *frode, *frood
    • Old Frisian: frōd
    • Old Saxon: frōd
    • Old Dutch: *fruod, *fruot
    • Old High German: fruot, frōt
      • Middle High German: vruot
        • Alemannic German: fruetig
  • Proto-Norse: *ᚠᚱᛟᛞᚨᛉ (*frodaʀ)
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍃 (frōþs)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*frōda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 156
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