Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraþjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *prot-, o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *pret- (“to understand”). Compare, in particular, Lithuanian pràsti (“to become accustomed to”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸrɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fraþjaną

  1. (East Germanic) to understand

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fraþjō *fraþjaų — *fraþjai ?
2nd singular *fraþisi *fraþjais *fraþi *fraþjasai *fraþjaisau
3rd singular *fraþiþi *fraþjai *fraþjaþau *fraþjaþai *fraþjaiþau
1st dual *fraþjōs *fraþjaiw — — —
2nd dual *fraþjaþiz *fraþjaiþiz *fraþjaþiz — —
1st plural *fraþjamaz *fraþjaim — *fraþjanþai *fraþjainþau
2nd plural *fraþiþ *fraþjaiþ *fraþiþ *fraþjanþai *fraþjainþau
3rd plural *fraþjanþi *fraþjain *fraþjanþau *fraþjanþai *fraþjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *frōþ *frōdį̄
2nd singular *frōst *frōdīz
3rd singular *frōþ *frōdī
1st dual *frōdū *frōdīw
2nd dual *frōdudiz *frōdīdiz
1st plural *frōdum *frōdīm
2nd plural *frōdud *frōdīd
3rd plural *frōdun *frōdīn
present past
participles *fraþjandz *fradanaz

Descendants

  • Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fraþjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
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