Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gēbiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Vṛddhi gerundive of *gebaną (“to give”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɛː.βiz/

Adjective

*gēbiz

  1. given, having been given
  2. givable

Inflection

Declension of *gēbiz (i-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gēbiz *gēbī *gēbį, *-jatō *gēbijai *gēbijôz *gēbijō
accusative *gēbijanǭ *gēbijǭ *gēbį, *-jatō *gēbijanz *gēbijōz *gēbijō
genitive *gēbijas, *gēbīs *gēbijaizōz *gēbijas, *gēbīs *gēbijaizǫ̂ *gēbijaizǫ̂ *gēbijaizǫ̂
dative *gēbijammai *gēbijaizōi *gēbijammai *gēbijaimaz *gēbijaimaz *gēbijaimaz
instrumental *gēbijanō *gēbijaizō *gēbijanō *gēbijaimiz *gēbijaimiz *gēbijaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gēbijô *gēbijǭ *gēbijô *gēbijaniz *gēbijōniz *gēbijōnō
accusative *gēbijanų *gēbijōnų *gēbijô *gēbijanunz *gēbijōnunz *gēbijōnō
genitive *gēbīniz *gēbijōniz *gēbīniz *gēbijanǫ̂ *gēbijōnǫ̂ *gēbijanǫ̂
dative *gēbīni *gēbijōni *gēbīni *gēbijammaz *gēbijōmaz *gēbijammaz
instrumental *gēbīnē *gēbijōnē *gēbīnē *gēbijammiz *gēbijōmiz *gēbijammiz

Descendants

The daughter languages show a wide range of derived meanings.

  • Old Frisian: jēve, gēve
  • Middle Dutch: gāve
  • Middle Low German: gēve
  • Old High German: *gābi
  • Old Norse: gæfr
    • Icelandic: gæfur
    • Faroese: gævur
    • Old Swedish: gǣver
      • Swedish: gäv
    • Old Danish: gæv, giæv, gev
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: gjæv
      • Norwegian Bokmål: gjev

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gēbi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 173
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