Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gebaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-e-ti, from *gʰebʰ- (“to give, move”) (traditionally *gʰabʰ-).[1] Cognate with Latvian gãbtiês (“to snatch, grab, seize”), Lithuanian góbti (id.), Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize, take”) and Sanskrit गभस्ति (gábhasti, “arm, hand”).[2]

However, some Leiden scholars reject the existence of *gʰebʰ- without a laryngeal, reconstructing it as *gʰeHbʰ-, and therefore reject the appurtenance of Germanic *geb-. Kortlandt proposes to connect Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to seize”) and assumes it was prefixed in Proto-Germanic with *ga-; this is supported by Kroonen.[3][4]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gebaną

  1. to give (with dative object)

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 5)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gebō *gebaų — *gebai ?
2nd singular *gibizi *gebaiz *geb *gebazai *gebaizau
3rd singular *gibidi *gebai *gebadau *gebadai *gebaidau
1st dual *gebōz *gebaiw — — —
2nd dual *gebadiz *gebaidiz *gebadiz — —
1st plural *gebamaz *gebaim — *gebandai *gebaindau
2nd plural *gibid *gebaid *gibid *gebandai *gebaindau
3rd plural *gebandi *gebain *gebandau *gebandai *gebaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gab *gēbį̄
2nd singular *gaft *gēbīz
3rd singular *gab *gēbī
1st dual *gēbū *gēbīw
2nd dual *gēbudiz *gēbīdiz
1st plural *gēbum *gēbīm
2nd plural *gēbud *gēbīd
3rd plural *gēbun *gēbīn
present past
participles *gebandz *gebanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒeƀanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 193
  3. ^ Kortlandt, Frederik (1992) “The Germanic fifth class of strong verbs”, in North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE), volume 19, number 1, page 104-5 of 101–107
  4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*geban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172–173
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