Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garrijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (to make a noise, rattle, gurgle, grumble).

Verb

*garrijaną

  1. to creak, grumble, grate

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *garrijō *garrijaų *garrijai ?
2nd singular *garrīsi *garrijais *garrī *garrijasai *garrijaisau
3rd singular *garrīþi *garrijai *garrijaþau *garrijaþai *garrijaiþau
1st dual *garrijōs *garrijaiw
2nd dual *garrijaþiz *garrijaiþiz *garrijaþiz
1st plural *garrijamaz *garrijaim *garrijanþai *garrijainþau
2nd plural *garrīþ *garrijaiþ *garrīþ *garrijanþai *garrijainþau
3rd plural *garrijanþi *garrijain *garrijanþau *garrijanþai *garrijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *garridǭ *garridēdį̄
2nd singular *garridēz *garridēdīz
3rd singular *garridē *garridēdī
1st dual *garridēdū *garridēdīw
2nd dual *garridēdudiz *garridēdīdiz
1st plural *garridēdum *garridēdīm
2nd plural *garridēdud *garridēdīd
3rd plural *garridēdun *garridēdīn
present past
participles *garrijandz *garridaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *garrijan
    • Old English: ġyrran, ġirran, *ġierran
      • Middle English: ȝurren, ȝerren, ȝarren, yerren, yarren (merged with descendant of ġeorran)
        • English: yar
        • Scots: ȝarr, yirr, yerr, yarr
    • Old Saxon: *gerrian
      • Middle Low German: gerren
    • Old Dutch: *gerren
      • Middle Dutch: gerren
        • Dutch: gerren, gerriën (dialectal)
    • Old High German: *gerren
      • Middle High German: *gerren
        • >? German: girren