Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/greutaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (“to rub, grind, remove”). Cognate with Lithuanian grūsti (“to crush, tamp”), Russian гру́да (grúda, “pile, heap”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *greutō | *greutaų | — | *greutai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *griutizi | *greutaiz | *greut | *greutazai | *greutaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *griutidi | *greutai | *greutadau | *greutadai | *greutaidau | |
| 1st dual | *greutōz | *greutaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *greutadiz | *greutaidiz | *greutadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *greutamaz | *greutaim | — | *greutandai | *greutaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *griutid | *greutaid | *griutid | *greutandai | *greutaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *greutandi | *greutain | *greutandau | *greutandai | *greutaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *graut | *grutį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *graust | *grutīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *graut | *grutī | ||||
| 1st dual | *grutū | *grutīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *grutudiz | *grutīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *grutum | *grutīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *grutud | *grutīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *grutun | *grutīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *greutandz | *grutanaz | ||||
Derived terms
Related terms
- *gruttōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *greutan
- Old High German: *griozan
- Middle High German: griezen
- Old High German: *griozan
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*greutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒreutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 142