Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/guttōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
An iterative verb closely related to the strong verb *geutaną, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”). Kroonen however, reconstructs a pre-form Proto-Indo-European *gut-néh₂-ti,[1] with an incorporated aorist -t ending in the root. He suggests that strong verb was backformed to the iterative.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣut.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*guttōną[1]
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *gutt- against non-singular *gut-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *guttō | *guttǭ | — | *guttōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *guttōsi | *guttōs | *guttō | *guttōsai | *guttōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *guttōþi | *guttō | *guttōþau | *guttōþai | *guttōþau | |
| 1st dual | *guttōs | *guttōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *guttōþiz | *guttōþiz | *guttōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *guttōmaz | *guttōm | — | *guttōnþai | *guttōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *guttōþ | *guttōþ | *guttōþ | *guttōnþai | *guttōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *guttōnþi | *guttōn | *guttōnþau | *guttōnþai | *guttōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *guttōdǭ | *guttōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *guttōdēz | *guttōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *guttōdē | *guttōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *guttōdēdū | *guttōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *guttōdēdudiz | *guttōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *guttōdēdum | *guttōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *guttōdēdud | *guttōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *guttōdēdun | *guttōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *guttōndz | *guttōdaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *guttōn, *gutōn
- Old High German: gozzōn, *gussōn
- ⇒ Old High German: ubargussōn
- Old High German: gozzōn, *gussōn
- Old Norse: gota