Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handuwerką

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz +‎ *werką.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.du.wɛr.kɑ̃/

Noun

*handuwerką n

handwork; manual labour
handiwork, creation

Inflection

Declension of *handuwerką (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*handuwerką	*handuwerkō
vocative	*handuwerką	*handuwerkō
accusative	*handuwerką	*handuwerkō
genitive	handuwerkas, handuwirkis	*handuwerkǫ̂
dative	*handuwerkai	*handuwerkamaz
instrumental	*handuwerkō	*handuwerkamiz

Descendants

Old English: handweorc, hondweorc
- Middle English: hondwerk, handwerke, hondewerk, andwork, handwarke, handwerk, hand-warke, handewerrc
  - English: handwork
  - Scots: handwerk, handwark
Old Frisian: *handwerk, *hondwerk
- Saterland Frisian: Hondwierk
- West Frisian: handwurk
Old Saxon: *handwerk
- Middle Low German: hantwerk
  - German Low German: Handwark
  - Dutch Low Saxon: handwark
  - → Swedish: hantverk
Old Dutch: *handwerk
- Middle Dutch: hantwerc
  - Dutch: handwerk
    - Afrikaans: handwerk
Old High German: hantwerc, hantwerch
- Middle High German: hantwerc
  - German: Handwerk
Old Norse: handaverk
- Icelandic: handverk
- Old Swedish: handaværk