Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helpō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *helpaną (“to help”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxel.pɔː/

Noun

*helpō f^[1]

help, aid, assistance
Synonym: *hulpiz

Inflection

Declension of *helpō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*helpō	*helpôz
vocative	*helpō	*helpôz
accusative	*helpǭ	*helpōz
genitive	*helpōz	*helpǫ̂
dative	*helpōi	*helpōmaz
instrumental	*helpō	*helpōmiz

Derived terms

*helpōlausaz

Descendants

Old English: help
- Middle English: help
  - English: help
  - Scots: help
Old Frisian: helpe
- Saterland Frisian: Hälpe
- West Frisian: help
Old Saxon: helpa
- Middle Low German: helpe
  - Low German: Helpe (obsolete)
Old Dutch: helpa
- Middle Dutch: helpe
  - Dutch: help (obsolete)
  - Limburgish: hölp
Old High German: helfa, hilfa
- Middle High German: helfe, hilfe
  - Bavarian: Hülf
    Cimbrian: hölfe
    
    Mòcheno: hilf
  - German: Hilfe
  - Hunsrik: Hellef
  - Luxembourgish: Hëllef
  - Vilamovian: hyłf
  - Yiddish: הילף (hilf)
Old Norse: hjǫlp
- Icelandic: hjálp
- Faroese: hjálp
- Elfdalian: jåp
- Old Swedish: hiælp
  - Swedish: hjälp
- Danish: hjælp
  - Norwegian Bokmål: hjelp
- Gutnish: hjälp
- Norwegian Nynorsk: hjelp
→ Proto-Finnic: *hëlppo (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “xelpō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “xelpō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168

[1]