Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlakkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Secondary o-grade iterative of *hlahjaną (“to laugh”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxlɑk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlakkōną

  1. to laugh

Inflection

The original paradigm had two stems, singular *hlakk- and plural *hlagun-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlakkō *hlakkǭ — *hlakkōi ?
2nd singular *hlakkōsi *hlakkōs *hlakkō *hlakkōsai *hlakkōsau
3rd singular *hlakkōþi *hlakkō *hlakkōþau *hlakkōþai *hlakkōþau
1st dual *hlakkōs *hlakkōw — — —
2nd dual *hlakkōþiz *hlakkōþiz *hlakkōþiz — —
1st plural *hlakkōmaz *hlakkōm — *hlakkōnþai *hlakkōnþau
2nd plural *hlakkōþ *hlakkōþ *hlakkōþ *hlakkōnþai *hlakkōnþau
3rd plural *hlakkōnþi *hlakkōn *hlakkōnþau *hlakkōnþai *hlakkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlakkōdǭ *hlakkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hlakkōdēz *hlakkōdēdīz
3rd singular *hlakkōdē *hlakkōdēdī
1st dual *hlakkōdēdū *hlakkōdēdīw
2nd dual *hlakkōdēdudiz *hlakkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hlakkōdēdum *hlakkōdēdīm
2nd plural *hlakkōdēdud *hlakkōdēdīd
3rd plural *hlakkōdēdun *hlakkōdēdīn
present past
participles *hlakkōndz *hlakkōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlakkōn, *hlakōn
    • Old English: *hlacian
      • ⇒ Old English: *hlacerian
    • Old Frisian: hlakkia, hlakia
  • Old Norse: hlakka

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlak(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 228
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