Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlināną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Latin clīnō (“slope, incline, bend”), Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “bend, slant, lean”).^[1]

Verb

*hlināną^[1]

to lean

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hlinō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hlinaisi	?	*hlinai	*hlināsai	?
3rd singular	*hlinaiþi	?	*hlināþau	*hlināþai	?
1st dual	*hlinōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlināþiz	?	*hlināþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlināmaz	?	—	*hlinānþai	?
2nd plural	*hlinaiþ	?	*hlinaiþ	*hlinānþai	?
3rd plural	*hlinānþi	?	*hlinānþau	*hlinānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlinadǭ	*hlinadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hlinadēz	*hlinadēdīz
3rd singular	*hlinadē	*hlinadēdī
1st dual	*hlinadēdū	*hlinadēdīw
2nd dual	*hlinadēdudiz	*hlinadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hlinadēdum	*hlinadēdīm
2nd plural	*hlinadēdud	*hlinadēdīd
3rd plural	*hlinadēdun	*hlinadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hlināndz	*hlinadaz

Alternative reconstructions

*hlinōną^[2]

Related terms

*hlainijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hlinēn
- Old English: hleonian, hlinian
  - Middle English: leonien, lenen
    - Scots: lene, leyn
    - English: lean
- Old Frisian: *hlinia
  - Saterland Frisian: lienje
  - West Frisian: lynje
- Old Saxon: hlinōn
  - Middle Low German: lēnen
    - German Low German: lehnen
- Old Dutch: *linon
  - Middle Dutch: lēnen
    - Dutch: leunen
      - Afrikaans: leun
      - Negerhollands: lee
      - → West Frisian: leune
      - → Papiamentu: lèn, len, lènt, leun, leen
- Old High German: hlinēn, linēn
  - Middle High German: lënen, linen
    - German: lehnen
Old Norse: *hlina
- Norwegian: lina (dialectal)