Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hratōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)krad-, *(s)kerd- (to move, swing, spring).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxrɑ.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hratōną

  1. to swing; sway; shake.
  2. to stagger; stumble; tumble.

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hratō *hratǭ *hratōi ?
2nd singular *hratōsi *hratōs *hratō *hratōsai *hratōsau
3rd singular *hratōþi *hratō *hratōþau *hratōþai *hratōþau
1st dual *hratōs *hratōw
2nd dual *hratōþiz *hratōþiz *hratōþiz
1st plural *hratōmaz *hratōm *hratōnþai *hratōnþau
2nd plural *hratōþ *hratōþ *hratōþ *hratōnþai *hratōnþau
3rd plural *hratōnþi *hratōn *hratōnþau *hratōnþai *hratōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hratōdǭ *hratōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hratōdēz *hratōdēdīz
3rd singular *hratōdē *hratōdēdī
1st dual *hratōdēdū *hratōdēdīw
2nd dual *hratōdēdudiz *hratōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hratōdēdum *hratōdēdīm
2nd plural *hratōdēdud *hratōdēdīd
3rd plural *hratōdēdun *hratōdēdīn
present past
participles *hratōndz *hratōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hratōn
    • Old English: hratian; (*hrætelian, *hrætlian)
    • (Old Saxon: *hratlōn)
      • (Middle Low German: rettelen, *retelen, *ratelen, *rateren)
        • (Low German: rateln, ratern)
        • ( German: rattern)
    • (Old Dutch: *ratelon)
    • Old High German: *razzōn
  • Old Norse: hrata