Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hreganą
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“to jut out”), though Kroonen adduces no cognates outside of Germanic, specifically rejecting the traditional connections with Ancient Greek κρόσσαι (króssai, “stepped copings of parapets”), Lithuanian krãkė (“rod, staff”), Russian кроква (krókva, “bar, club, rafters”).[1] Orel, who reconstructs the Germanic as *reganą, instead derives the root from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erǵʰ- (“to move, go”), comparing Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to come, go”); however, in light of Old High German hragēn, this is phonetically untenable, as well as semantically tenuous.[2]
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈxre.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hreganą[1](West Germanic)
- to jut out
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *hregō | *hregaų | — | *hregai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *hrigizi | *hregaiz | *hreg | *hregazai | *hregaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *hrigidi | *hregai | *hregadau | *hregadai | *hregaidau | |
| 1st dual | *hregōz | *hregaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *hregadiz | *hregaidiz | *hregadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *hregamaz | *hregaim | — | *hregandai | *hregaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *hrigid | *hregaid | *hrigid | *hregandai | *hregaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *hregandi | *hregain | *hregandau | *hregandai | *hregaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *hrag | *hrēgį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *hraht | *hrēgīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *hrag | *hrēgī | ||||
| 1st dual | *hrēgū | *hrēgīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *hrēgudiz | *hrēgīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *hrēgum | *hrēgīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *hrēgud | *hrēgīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *hrēgun | *hrēgīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *hregandz | *hruganaz | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Middle High German: regen
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hregan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*reʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300