Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrungō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (“to twist, bend”), from *(s)ker- (“to twist, bend”).

Noun

*hrungō f

stake, spoke, rod, spike, rung
staff, post, pole

Inflection

Declension of *hrungō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrungō	*hrungôz
vocative	*hrungō	*hrungôz
accusative	*hrungǭ	*hrungōz
genitive	*hrungōz	*hrungǫ̂
dative	*hrungōi	*hrungōmaz
instrumental	*hrungō	*hrungōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hrungu
- Old English: hrung
  - Middle English: rung
    - English: rung
      - → Irish: runga
    - Scots: rung, roung, rong, ring
- Old Frisian: *hrung, *hrunge
  - Saterland Frisian: Runge
  - West Frisian: ronge
- Old Saxon: *hrunga
  - Middle Low German: runge, ronge
    - German Low German: Runge, Rung
- Old Dutch: *hrunga
  - Middle Dutch: ronge
    - Dutch: rong
      - Afrikaans: rong
- Old High German: runga
  - Middle High German: runge
    - German: Runge
Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰 (hrugga)