Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hruttōną
Proto-Germanic
Alternative reconstructions
- *hrutōną
Etymology
Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *krut-neh₂-, from a root *krewt- (“to snore, roar”) with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. The connection with lexicographically attested Ancient Greek κροῦμαι (kroûmai, “snot”) is dubious.[1] More likely, per Orel, to be an onomatopoeic formation within Germanic (though he only notes this for the derivative *hrūtaną).[2]
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈxrut.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hruttōną[1]
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *hruttō | *hruttǭ | — | *hruttōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *hruttōsi | *hruttōs | *hruttō | *hruttōsai | *hruttōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *hruttōþi | *hruttō | *hruttōþau | *hruttōþai | *hruttōþau | |
| 1st dual | *hruttōs | *hruttōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *hruttōþiz | *hruttōþiz | *hruttōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *hruttōmaz | *hruttōm | — | *hruttōnþai | *hruttōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *hruttōþ | *hruttōþ | *hruttōþ | *hruttōnþai | *hruttōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *hruttōnþi | *hruttōn | *hruttōnþau | *hruttōnþai | *hruttōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *hruttōdǭ | *hruttōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *hruttōdēz | *hruttōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *hruttōdē | *hruttōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *hruttōdēdū | *hruttōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *hruttōdēdudiz | *hruttōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *hruttōdēdum | *hruttōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *hruttōdēdud | *hruttōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *hruttōdēdun | *hruttōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *hruttōndz | *hruttōdaz | ||||
Derived terms
- *hruttaz (“snot”)
- *hrūtaną (“to snore”)
Descendants
- Old High German: *hrutzōn
- Middle High German: *rotzen
- German: rotzen
- Middle High German: *rotzen
- Old Norse:
- Elfdalian: rotå (<*hrutōną)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hrut(t)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 251
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xreutanan ~ xrūtanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186