Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrūtaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxruː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

Derived from the iterative verb *hruttōną (“to snore, roar”).[1]

Alternative forms

Verb

*hrūtaną[1][2]

  1. to snore
Inflection
Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hrūtō *hrūtaų — *hrūtai ?
2nd singular *hrūtizi *hrūtaiz *hrūt *hrūtazai *hrūtaizau
3rd singular *hrūtidi *hrūtai *hrūtadau *hrūtadai *hrūtaidau
1st dual *hrūtōz *hrūtaiw — — —
2nd dual *hrūtadiz *hrūtaidiz *hrūtadiz — —
1st plural *hrūtamaz *hrūtaim — *hrūtandai *hrūtaindau
2nd plural *hrūtid *hrūtaid *hrūtid *hrūtandai *hrūtaindau
3rd plural *hrūtandi *hrūtain *hrūtandau *hrūtandai *hrūtaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hraut *hrutį̄
2nd singular *hraust *hrutīz
3rd singular *hraut *hrutī
1st dual *hrutū *hrutīw
2nd dual *hrutudiz *hrutīdiz
1st plural *hrutum *hrutīm
2nd plural *hrutud *hrutīd
3rd plural *hrutun *hrutīn
present past
participles *hrūtandz *hrutanaz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hrūtan
    • Old English: hrūtan
      • Middle English: routen, roten
    • Old Frisian: hrūta
    • Old Saxon: hrūtan
    • Old Dutch: *rūtan
    • Old High German: rūzan, rūzzan
      • Middle High German: rūzen
  • Old Norse: hrjóta (<*hreutaną)

Etymology 2

A verbal formation related to *hreusaną (“to fall”).[3]

Alternative reconstructions

Verb

*hrūtaną[3]

  2. to fall, fly, move quickly
Inflection
Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hrūtō *hrūtaų — *hrūtai ?
2nd singular *hrūtizi *hrūtaiz *hrūt *hrūtazai *hrūtaizau
3rd singular *hrūtidi *hrūtai *hrūtadau *hrūtadai *hrūtaidau
1st dual *hrūtōz *hrūtaiw — — —
2nd dual *hrūtadiz *hrūtaidiz *hrūtadiz — —
1st plural *hrūtamaz *hrūtaim — *hrūtandai *hrūtaindau
2nd plural *hrūtid *hrūtaid *hrūtid *hrūtandai *hrūtaindau
3rd plural *hrūtandi *hrūtain *hrūtandau *hrūtandai *hrūtaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hraut *hrutį̄
2nd singular *hraust *hrutīz
3rd singular *hraut *hrutī
1st dual *hrutū *hrutīw
2nd dual *hrutudiz *hrutīdiz
1st plural *hrutum *hrutīm
2nd plural *hrutud *hrutīd
3rd plural *hrutun *hrutīn
present past
participles *hrūtandz *hrutanaz
Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hreutan- ~ *hrutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 246
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xreutanan ~ xrūtanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xreutanan ~ xrūtanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
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