Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Mayrhofer appears to derive the root from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (“to force, drive”); see Sanskrit जू (jū, “to press forward”) for more.[1]

Other theories connect the verb to Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to scrape”) or Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to turn, bend”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what are some potential cognates in these latter cases?”)

Alternative reconstructions

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*karjaną

  1. to scratch, scrape
  2. to sweep

Conjugation

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *karjō *karjaų — *karjai ?
2nd singular *karisi *karjais *kari *karjasai *karjaisau
3rd singular *kariþi *karjai *karjaþau *karjaþai *karjaiþau
1st dual *karjōs *karjaiw — — —
2nd dual *karjaþiz *karjaiþiz *karjaþiz — —
1st plural *karjamaz *karjaim — *karjanþai *karjainþau
2nd plural *kariþ *karjaiþ *kariþ *karjanþai *karjainþau
3rd plural *karjanþi *karjain *karjanþau *karjanþai *karjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *karidǭ *karidēdį̄
2nd singular *karidēz *karidēdīz
3rd singular *karidē *karidēdī
1st dual *karidēdū *karidēdīw
2nd dual *karidēdudiz *karidēdīdiz
1st plural *karidēdum *karidēdīm
2nd plural *karidēdud *karidēdīd
3rd plural *karidēdun *karidēdīn
present past
participles *karjandz *karidaz
  • *karō (“scrapings, shavings, litter, debris”)
  • *karstaz

Descendants

  • Old Saxon: kerian, keren
  • Old Dutch: *keren, *kerren
  • Old High German: kerien, kerren, cherjen, cherren

References

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “JAVᴵ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 580-1
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