Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kippōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkip.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

A zero grade iterative formation to an unattested strong verb *kīpaną, whence also *kaipaz (“tholepin”).^[1]

Verb

*kippōną^[1]

to (make) stumble, fall over, tip over

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kippō	*kippǭ	—	*kippōi	?
2nd singular	*kippōsi	*kippōs	*kippō	*kippōsai	*kippōsau
3rd singular	*kippōþi	*kippō	*kippōþau	*kippōþai	*kippōþau
1st dual	*kippōs	*kippōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kippōmaz	*kippōm	—	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
3rd plural	*kippōnþi	*kippōn	*kippōnþau	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kippōdǭ	*kippōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kippōdēz	*kippōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kippōdē	*kippōdēdī
1st dual	*kippōdēdū	*kippōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kippōdēdudiz	*kippōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kippōdēdum	*kippōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kippōdēdud	*kippōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kippōdēdun	*kippōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kippōndz	*kippōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kippōn
- Old Saxon: *kippōn
  - Middle Low German: kippen
    - German Low German: kippen
    - → Scots: kip
- Old High German: *kippōn
  - Middle High German: kippen
    - German: kippen
      - → Dutch: kippen, kiepen
      - → West Frisian: kippe, kipe, kypje
Old Norse: *kippa
- Icelandic: kippa
- Faroese: kippa
- Elfdalian: tjippas

Etymology 2

Unknown.^[2]

Verb

*kippōną^[2]

to chop
to pull, snatch

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kippō	*kippǭ	—	*kippōi	?
2nd singular	*kippōsi	*kippōs	*kippō	*kippōsai	*kippōsau
3rd singular	*kippōþi	*kippō	*kippōþau	*kippōþai	*kippōþau
1st dual	*kippōs	*kippōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kippōmaz	*kippōm	—	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
3rd plural	*kippōnþi	*kippōn	*kippōnþau	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kippōdǭ	*kippōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kippōdēz	*kippōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kippōdē	*kippōdēdī
1st dual	*kippōdēdū	*kippōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kippōdēdudiz	*kippōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kippōdēdum	*kippōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kippōdēdud	*kippōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kippōdēdun	*kippōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kippōndz	*kippōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kippōn
- Old English: *cippian
  - Middle English: chippen
    - English: chip
    - Scots: chip
- Old Dutch: *kippon
  - Middle Dutch: kippen
    - Dutch: kippen
    - → Middle Low German: kippen
    - → Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Old Norse instead)
      - English: kip
Old Norse: kippa
- Icelandic: kippa
- Faroese: kippa
- Norwegian:
  Norwegian Bokmål: kippe
  
  Norwegian Nynorsk: kippe, kippa
- Swedish: kippa
- → Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Middle Dutch instead)
  - English: kip

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kippōn- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 288
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kippōn- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289

[Kroonen_1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kippōn- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 288

[Kroonen_2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kippōn- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289

[1]

[2]