Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kippōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *kippōną (“to (make) stumble”).

Verb

*kippōn

to (make) stumble, fall over, tip over

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*kippōn
1st sg. past	*kippōdā
Infinitive	*kippōn
Genitive infin.	*kippōnijas
Dative infin.	*kippōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*kippōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kippō	*kippōdā
2nd singular	*kippōs	kippōdēs, kippōdōs
3rd singular	*kippōþ	kippōdē, kippōdā
1st plural	*kippōm	*kippōdum
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōdud
3rd plural	*kippōnþ	*kippōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kippō	*kippōdī
2nd singular	*kippōs	*kippōdī
3rd singular	*kippō	*kippōdī
1st plural	*kippōm	*kippōdīm
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōdīd
3rd plural	*kippōn	*kippōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kippō
Plural	*kippōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*kippōndī	*kippōd

Descendants

Old Saxon: *kippōn
- Middle Low German: kippen
  - German Low German: kippen
  - → Scots: kip
Old High German: *kippōn
- Middle High German: kippen
  - German: kippen
    - → Dutch: kippen, kiepen
    - → West Frisian: kippe, kipe, kypje

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *kippōną (“to chop, pull”).

Verb

*kippōn

to chop, break
to pull, snatch

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*kippōn
1st sg. past	*kippōdā
Infinitive	*kippōn
Genitive infin.	*kippōnijas
Dative infin.	*kippōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*kippōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kippō	*kippōdā
2nd singular	*kippōs	kippōdēs, kippōdōs
3rd singular	*kippōþ	kippōdē, kippōdā
1st plural	*kippōm	*kippōdum
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōdud
3rd plural	*kippōnþ	*kippōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kippō	*kippōdī
2nd singular	*kippōs	*kippōdī
3rd singular	*kippō	*kippōdī
1st plural	*kippōm	*kippōdīm
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōdīd
3rd plural	*kippōn	*kippōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kippō
Plural	*kippōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*kippōndī	*kippōd

Descendants

Old English: *cippian
- Middle English: chippen
  - English: chip
  - Scots: chip
Old Dutch: *kippon
- Middle Dutch: kippen
  - Dutch: kippen
  - → Middle Low German: kippen
  - → Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Old Norse instead)
    - English: kip

Etymology 3

Uncertain if distinct from the verb discussed at Etymology 2.^[1]

Verb

*kippōn

to brood
to hatch

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*kippōn
1st sg. past	*kippōdā
Infinitive	*kippōn
Genitive infin.	*kippōnijas
Dative infin.	*kippōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*kippōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kippō	*kippōdā
2nd singular	*kippōs	kippōdēs, kippōdōs
3rd singular	*kippōþ	kippōdē, kippōdā
1st plural	*kippōm	*kippōdum
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōdud
3rd plural	*kippōnþ	*kippōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kippō	*kippōdī
2nd singular	*kippōs	*kippōdī
3rd singular	*kippō	*kippōdī
1st plural	*kippōm	*kippōdīm
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōdīd
3rd plural	*kippōn	*kippōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kippō
Plural	*kippōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*kippōndī	*kippōd

Descendants

Old Saxon: *kippōn
- Middle Low German: kippen
Old Dutch: *kippon
- Middle Dutch: kippen
  - Dutch: kippen
- → Old French: eschepir, esquepir

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kippōn- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289

[Kroonen_2-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kippōn- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289

[1]