Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuttōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gn̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *knudaną (“to knead”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈknut.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*knuttōną

  1. to press, knead, squeeze

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *knutt- against non-singular *knud-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *knuttō *knuttǭ — *knuttōi ?
2nd singular *knuttōsi *knuttōs *knuttō *knuttōsai *knuttōsau
3rd singular *knuttōþi *knuttō *knuttōþau *knuttōþai *knuttōþau
1st dual *knuttōs *knuttōw — — —
2nd dual *knuttōþiz *knuttōþiz *knuttōþiz — —
1st plural *knuttōmaz *knuttōm — *knuttōnþai *knuttōnþau
2nd plural *knuttōþ *knuttōþ *knuttōþ *knuttōnþai *knuttōnþau
3rd plural *knuttōnþi *knuttōn *knuttōnþau *knuttōnþai *knuttōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *knuttōdǭ *knuttōdēdį̄
2nd singular *knuttōdēz *knuttōdēdīz
3rd singular *knuttōdē *knuttōdēdī
1st dual *knuttōdēdū *knuttōdēdīw
2nd dual *knuttōdēdudiz *knuttōdēdīdiz
1st plural *knuttōdēdum *knuttōdēdīm
2nd plural *knuttōdēdud *knuttōdēdīd
3rd plural *knuttōdēdun *knuttōdēdīn
present past
participles *knuttōndz *knuttōdaz

Descendants

  • German: knotzen (dialectal)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*knuttōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 298
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